diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_DoubleTab.hxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_DoubleTab.hxx
index 91364bc388..ec365ad321 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_DoubleTab.hxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_DoubleTab.hxx
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public:
   }
 
   //! Copy data to theOther
-  void Copy(math_DoubleTab& theOther) const { theOther.myArray.Assign(myArray); }
+  void Copy(math_DoubleTab& theOther) const { theOther.myArray.CopyValues(myArray); }
 
   //! Returns true if the internal array is deletable (heap-allocated)
   bool IsDeletable() const { return myArray.IsDeletable(); }
diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_Matrix.lxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_Matrix.lxx
index ba88b69da3..11b1199b4e 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_Matrix.lxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_Matrix.lxx
@@ -695,10 +695,6 @@ inline void math_Matrix::TMultiply(const math_Matrix& TLeft, const math_Matrix&
 
 inline math_Matrix& math_Matrix::Initialized(const math_Matrix& Other)
 {
-  Standard_DimensionError_Raise_if(
-    (RowNumber() != Other.RowNumber()) || (ColNumber() != Other.ColNumber()),
-    "math_Matrix::Initialized() - input matrix has different dimensions");
-
   (Other.Array).Copy(Array);
   return *this;
 }
diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_VectorBase.lxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_VectorBase.lxx
index c73afc4dd6..364ca38025 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_VectorBase.lxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKMath/math/math_VectorBase.lxx
@@ -607,10 +607,7 @@ template <typename TheItemType>
 math_VectorBase<TheItemType>& math_VectorBase<TheItemType>::Initialized(
   const math_VectorBase<TheItemType>& theOther)
 {
-  Standard_DimensionError_Raise_if(
-    Length() != theOther.Length(),
-    "math_VectorBase::Initialized() - input vector has wrong dimensions");
-  memmove(&Array.ChangeFirst(), &theOther.Array.First(), sizeof(TheItemType) * Array.Length());
+  Array.CopyValues(theOther.Array);
   return *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array1_Test.cxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array1_Test.cxx
index 8a33dd8692..67799d152d 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array1_Test.cxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array1_Test.cxx
@@ -160,7 +160,6 @@ TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, AssignmentOperator)
   // Test assignment
   NCollection_Array1<int> anArray2(11, 15);
   anArray2 = anArray1;
-  anArray2.Resize(1, 5, true); // Resize to match anArray1
 
   // Verify assignment result
   EXPECT_EQ(anArray1.Length(), anArray2.Length());
@@ -173,6 +172,135 @@ TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, AssignmentOperator)
   }
 }
 
+TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, AssignmentOperatorDifferentSize)
+{
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anArray1(5, 8);
+  for (int anIndex = anArray1.Lower(); anIndex <= anArray1.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    anArray1(anIndex) = anIndex * 10;
+  }
+
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anArray2(1, 2);
+  anArray2 = anArray1;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, anArray2.Length());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, anArray2.Lower());
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, anArray2.Upper());
+  for (int anIndex = anArray1.Lower(); anIndex <= anArray1.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(anArray1(anIndex), anArray2(anIndex));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, AssignmentOperatorReusesSameSizeOwnedStorage)
+{
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anArray(1, 6);
+  int*                    anInitialPointer = &anArray.ChangeFirst();
+
+  NCollection_Array1<int> aSource(20, 25);
+  for (int anIndex = aSource.Lower(); anIndex <= aSource.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    aSource(anIndex) = anIndex * 10;
+  }
+
+  anArray = aSource;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(anInitialPointer, &anArray.ChangeFirst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(20, anArray.Lower());
+  EXPECT_EQ(25, anArray.Upper());
+  for (int anIndex = aSource.Lower(); anIndex <= aSource.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(aSource(anIndex), anArray(anIndex));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, AssignmentOperatorReusesSameSizeExternalBuffer)
+{
+  int aBuffer[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anArray(aBuffer, 3);
+  NCollection_Array1<int> aSource(7, 9);
+  for (int anIndex = aSource.Lower(); anIndex <= aSource.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    aSource(anIndex) = anIndex * 10;
+  }
+
+  anArray = aSource;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(anArray.IsDeletable());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, anArray.Lower());
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, anArray.Upper());
+  EXPECT_EQ(70, aBuffer[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(80, aBuffer[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(90, aBuffer[2]);
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, AssignmentOperatorDetachesDifferentSizeExternalBuffer)
+{
+  int aBuffer[3] = {1, 2, 3};
+
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anArray(aBuffer, 3);
+  NCollection_Array1<int> aSource(7, 10);
+  for (int anIndex = aSource.Lower(); anIndex <= aSource.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    aSource(anIndex) = anIndex * 10;
+  }
+
+  anArray = aSource;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(anArray.IsDeletable());
+  EXPECT_NE(aBuffer, &anArray.ChangeFirst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, anArray.Lower());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, anArray.Upper());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, aBuffer[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, aBuffer[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, aBuffer[2]);
+  for (int anIndex = aSource.Lower(); anIndex <= aSource.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(aSource(anIndex), anArray(anIndex));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, AssignmentOperatorEmptySource)
+{
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anArray(1, 5);
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anEmpty;
+
+  anArray = anEmpty;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, anArray.Length());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, anArray.Lower());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(anArray.IsEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, CopyValuesPreservesBounds)
+{
+  NCollection_Array1<int> aSource(1, 5);
+  for (int anIndex = aSource.Lower(); anIndex <= aSource.Upper(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    aSource(anIndex) = anIndex * 10;
+  }
+
+  NCollection_Array1<int> anArray(11, 15);
+  anArray.CopyValues(aSource);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, anArray.Lower());
+  EXPECT_EQ(15, anArray.Upper());
+  for (int anIndex = 0; anIndex < anArray.Length(); ++anIndex)
+  {
+    EXPECT_EQ(aSource(aSource.Lower() + anIndex), anArray(anArray.Lower() + anIndex));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, CopyValuesDifferentSize)
+{
+  [[maybe_unused]] NCollection_Array1<int> anArray(1, 5);
+  [[maybe_unused]] NCollection_Array1<int> aSource(1, 4);
+#ifndef No_Exception
+  EXPECT_THROW(anArray.CopyValues(aSource), Standard_DimensionMismatch);
+#endif
+}
+
 TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, Move)
 {
   NCollection_Array1<int> anArray1(1, 5);
@@ -186,7 +314,6 @@ TEST(NCollection_Array1Test, Move)
   // Test Move method
   NCollection_Array1<int> anArray2(11, 15);
   anArray2.Move(anArray1);
-  anArray2.Resize(1, 5, true); // Resize to match anArray1
 
   // Verify move result
   EXPECT_EQ(5, anArray2.Length());
diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array2_Test.cxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array2_Test.cxx
index a28be1b1bc..47d4d977ab 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array2_Test.cxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/GTests/NCollection_Array2_Test.cxx
@@ -128,20 +128,139 @@ TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, CopyConstructor)
 
 TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, AssignmentOperator)
 {
-  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray1(1, 3, 1, 4);
-  anArray1.Init(123);
+  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray1(5, 7, 10, 13);
+  for (int aRowIter = anArray1.LowerRow(); aRowIter <= anArray1.UpperRow(); ++aRowIter)
+  {
+    for (int aColIter = anArray1.LowerCol(); aColIter <= anArray1.UpperCol(); ++aColIter)
+    {
+      anArray1(aRowIter, aColIter) = aRowIter * 100 + aColIter;
+    }
+  }
 
-  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray2(1, 3, 1, 4);
+  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray2(1, 1, 1, 1);
   anArray2.Init(0);
 
   anArray2 = anArray1; // Assign
 
-  // Verify data is copied
-  EXPECT_EQ(123, anArray2(2, 3));
+  // Verify dimensions and data are copied
+  EXPECT_EQ(anArray1.NbRows(), anArray2.NbRows());
+  EXPECT_EQ(anArray1.NbColumns(), anArray2.NbColumns());
+  EXPECT_EQ(anArray1.LowerRow(), anArray2.LowerRow());
+  EXPECT_EQ(anArray1.LowerCol(), anArray2.LowerCol());
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, anArray2(6, 12));
 
   // Modify original to ensure it was a deep copy
-  anArray1.SetValue(2, 3, 999);
-  EXPECT_EQ(123, anArray2(2, 3));
+  anArray1.SetValue(6, 12, 999);
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, anArray2(6, 12));
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, AssignmentOperatorReusesSameSizeOwnedStorage)
+{
+  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray(1, 3, 1, 4);
+  int*                    anInitialPointer = &anArray.ChangeFirst();
+
+  NCollection_Array2<int> aSource(10, 12, 20, 23);
+  for (int aRowIter = aSource.LowerRow(); aRowIter <= aSource.UpperRow(); ++aRowIter)
+  {
+    for (int aColIter = aSource.LowerCol(); aColIter <= aSource.UpperCol(); ++aColIter)
+    {
+      aSource(aRowIter, aColIter) = aRowIter * 100 + aColIter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  anArray = aSource;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(anInitialPointer, &anArray.ChangeFirst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, anArray.LowerRow());
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, anArray.UpperRow());
+  EXPECT_EQ(20, anArray.LowerCol());
+  EXPECT_EQ(23, anArray.UpperCol());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1122, anArray(11, 22));
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, AssignmentOperatorReusesSameSizeExternalBuffer)
+{
+  int aBuffer[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray(aBuffer, 2, 2);
+  NCollection_Array2<int> aSource(5, 6, 7, 8);
+  for (int aRowIter = aSource.LowerRow(); aRowIter <= aSource.UpperRow(); ++aRowIter)
+  {
+    for (int aColIter = aSource.LowerCol(); aColIter <= aSource.UpperCol(); ++aColIter)
+    {
+      aSource(aRowIter, aColIter) = aRowIter * 100 + aColIter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  anArray = aSource;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(anArray.IsDeletable());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, anArray.LowerRow());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, anArray.LowerCol());
+  EXPECT_EQ(507, aBuffer[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(508, aBuffer[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(607, aBuffer[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, aBuffer[3]);
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, AssignmentOperatorDetachesDifferentSizeExternalBuffer)
+{
+  int aBuffer[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray(aBuffer, 2, 2);
+  NCollection_Array2<int> aSource(5, 6, 7, 9);
+  for (int aRowIter = aSource.LowerRow(); aRowIter <= aSource.UpperRow(); ++aRowIter)
+  {
+    for (int aColIter = aSource.LowerCol(); aColIter <= aSource.UpperCol(); ++aColIter)
+    {
+      aSource(aRowIter, aColIter) = aRowIter * 100 + aColIter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  anArray = aSource;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(anArray.IsDeletable());
+  EXPECT_NE(aBuffer, &anArray.ChangeFirst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, anArray.NbRows());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, anArray.NbColumns());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, anArray.LowerRow());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, anArray.LowerCol());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, aBuffer[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, aBuffer[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, aBuffer[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, aBuffer[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, anArray(6, 8));
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, CopyValuesPreservesBounds)
+{
+  NCollection_Array2<int> aSource(5, 6, 7, 9);
+  for (int aRowIter = aSource.LowerRow(); aRowIter <= aSource.UpperRow(); ++aRowIter)
+  {
+    for (int aColIter = aSource.LowerCol(); aColIter <= aSource.UpperCol(); ++aColIter)
+    {
+      aSource(aRowIter, aColIter) = aRowIter * 100 + aColIter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  NCollection_Array2<int> anArray(1, 2, 1, 3);
+  anArray.CopyValues(aSource);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, anArray.LowerRow());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, anArray.UpperRow());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, anArray.LowerCol());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, anArray.UpperCol());
+  EXPECT_EQ(507, anArray(1, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609, anArray(2, 3));
+}
+
+TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, CopyValuesDifferentDimensions)
+{
+  [[maybe_unused]] NCollection_Array2<int> anArray(1, 2, 1, 3);
+  [[maybe_unused]] NCollection_Array2<int> aSource(1, 3, 1, 2);
+#ifndef No_Exception
+  EXPECT_THROW(anArray.CopyValues(aSource), Standard_DimensionMismatch);
+#endif
 }
 
 TEST(NCollection_Array2Test, MoveConstructor)
diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array1.hxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array1.hxx
index 86c014e611..2784b3c001 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array1.hxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array1.hxx
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 #include <NCollection_IndexedIterator.hxx>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 
 //! The class NCollection_Array1 represents unidimensional arrays of fixed size known at run time.
 //! The range of the index is user defined.
@@ -232,21 +236,37 @@ public:
   //! Upper bound
   int Upper() const noexcept { return myLowerBound + static_cast<int>(mySize) - 1; }
 
-  //! Copies data of theOther array to this.
-  //! This array should be pre-allocated and have the same length as theOther;
-  //! otherwise exception Standard_DimensionMismatch is thrown.
+  //! Replaces this array by a copy of theOther array.
+  //! Bounds and length are copied from theOther.
+  //! When this array wraps an external (non-owned) buffer:
+  //!  - if theOther has the same length, values are copied in place into the
+  //!    external buffer and ownership is unchanged;
+  //!  - if theOther has a different length, this array detaches from the
+  //!    external buffer and allocates a fresh owned buffer.
+  //! Use CopyValues() to preserve this array's bounds.
   NCollection_Array1& Assign(const NCollection_Array1& theOther)
   {
     if (&theOther == this)
     {
       return *this;
     }
-    Standard_DimensionMismatch_Raise_if(mySize != theOther.mySize, "NCollection_Array1::operator=");
-    for (size_t anInd = 0; anInd < mySize; anInd++)
+    assign(theOther.myPointer, theOther.mySize, theOther.myLowerBound);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  //! Copies values from theOther array without changing this array bounds.
+  //! This array should be pre-allocated and have the same length as theOther;
+  //! otherwise exception Standard_DimensionMismatch is thrown.
+  NCollection_Array1& CopyValues(const NCollection_Array1& theOther)
+  {
+    if (&theOther == this)
     {
-      myPointer[anInd] = theOther.myPointer[anInd];
+      return *this;
     }
-    // Current implementation disable changing bounds by assigning
+    Standard_DimensionMismatch_Raise_if(mySize != theOther.mySize,
+                                        "NCollection_Array1::CopyValues");
+    const size_t aCommonSize = (std::min)(mySize, theOther.mySize);
+    copyAssign(myPointer, theOther.myPointer, aCommonSize);
     return *this;
   }
 
@@ -422,6 +442,15 @@ protected:
         destroy(myPointer, 0, mySize);
     }
     myLowerBound = theNewLower;
+    if (theNewSize == 0)
+    {
+      if (myIsOwner)
+        myAllocator.deallocate(aPrevPtr, mySize);
+      myPointer = nullptr;
+      mySize    = 0;
+      myIsOwner = false;
+      return;
+    }
     if (theToCopyData)
     {
       const size_t aMinSize = (std::min)(theNewSize, mySize);
@@ -500,11 +529,79 @@ protected:
     }
   }
 
-  void copyConstruct(const pointer theFrom, const size_t theCount)
+  void assign(const const_pointer theFrom, const size_t theSize, const int theLower)
+  {
+    if (theSize == mySize)
+    {
+      copyAssign(myPointer, theFrom, theSize);
+      myLowerBound = theLower;
+      return;
+    }
+    pointer aNewPointer = nullptr;
+    if (theSize != 0)
+    {
+      aNewPointer = myAllocator.allocate(theSize);
+      copyConstruct(aNewPointer, theFrom, theSize);
+    }
+
+    if (myIsOwner)
+    {
+      destroy(myPointer, 0, mySize);
+      myAllocator.deallocate(myPointer, mySize);
+    }
+    myLowerBound = theLower;
+    mySize       = theSize;
+    myPointer    = aNewPointer;
+    myIsOwner    = theSize != 0;
+  }
+
+  template <typename U = TheItemType>
+  typename std::enable_if<std::is_trivially_copyable<U>::value, void>::type copyAssign(
+    pointer       theTarget,
+    const_pointer theFrom,
+    const size_t  theCount)
+  {
+    if (theCount != 0)
+    {
+      std::memmove(theTarget, theFrom, theCount * sizeof(TheItemType));
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename U = TheItemType>
+  typename std::enable_if<!std::is_trivially_copyable<U>::value, void>::type copyAssign(
+    pointer       theTarget,
+    const_pointer theFrom,
+    const size_t  theCount)
   {
     for (size_t anInd = 0; anInd < theCount; anInd++)
     {
-      myAllocator.construct(myPointer + anInd, theFrom[anInd]);
+      theTarget[anInd] = theFrom[anInd];
+    }
+  }
+
+  void copyConstruct(const pointer theFrom, const size_t theCount)
+  {
+    copyConstruct(myPointer, theFrom, theCount);
+  }
+
+  template <typename U = TheItemType>
+  typename std::enable_if<std::is_trivially_copyable<U>::value, void>::type copyConstruct(
+    pointer       theTarget,
+    const_pointer theFrom,
+    const size_t  theCount)
+  {
+    std::uninitialized_copy_n(theFrom, theCount, theTarget);
+  }
+
+  template <typename U = TheItemType>
+  typename std::enable_if<!std::is_trivially_copyable<U>::value, void>::type copyConstruct(
+    pointer       theTarget,
+    const_pointer theFrom,
+    const size_t  theCount)
+  {
+    for (size_t anInd = 0; anInd < theCount; anInd++)
+    {
+      myAllocator.construct(theTarget + anInd, theFrom[anInd]);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array2.hxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array2.hxx
index a24709135b..42be45e6c4 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array2.hxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_Array2.hxx
@@ -230,7 +230,8 @@ public:
     myLowerCol = myLowerCol - UpperCol() + theUpperCol;
   }
 
-  //! Assignment
+  //! Replaces this array by a copy of theOther array.
+  //! Row and column bounds are copied from theOther.
   NCollection_Array2& Assign(const NCollection_Array2& theOther)
   {
     if (&theOther == this)
@@ -238,7 +239,26 @@ public:
       return *this;
     }
     NCollection_Array1<TheItemType>::Assign(theOther);
-    // Current implementation disable changing bounds by assigning
+    myLowerRow = theOther.myLowerRow;
+    mySizeRow  = theOther.mySizeRow;
+    myLowerCol = theOther.myLowerCol;
+    mySizeCol  = theOther.mySizeCol;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  //! Copies values from theOther array without changing this array bounds.
+  //! This array should be pre-allocated and have the same dimensions as theOther;
+  //! otherwise exception Standard_DimensionMismatch is thrown.
+  NCollection_Array2& CopyValues(const NCollection_Array2& theOther)
+  {
+    if (&theOther == this)
+    {
+      return *this;
+    }
+    Standard_DimensionMismatch_Raise_if(mySizeRow != theOther.mySizeRow
+                                          || mySizeCol != theOther.mySizeCol,
+                                        "NCollection_Array2::CopyValues");
+    NCollection_Array1<TheItemType>::CopyValues(theOther);
     return *this;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_KDTree.hxx b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_KDTree.hxx
index 620104c3c8..1a0d33f0e0 100644
--- a/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_KDTree.hxx
+++ b/src/FoundationClasses/TKernel/NCollection/NCollection_KDTree.hxx
@@ -488,13 +488,15 @@ public:
   }
 
   //! Copy assignment.
-  //! Uses copy-and-swap because NCollection_Array1::operator= requires same size.
   NCollection_KDTree& operator=(const NCollection_KDTree& theOther)
   {
     if (this != &theOther)
     {
-      NCollection_KDTree aCopy(theOther);
-      *this = std::move(aCopy);
+      myPoints    = theOther.myPoints;
+      myIndices   = theOther.myIndices;
+      myRadii     = theOther.myRadii;
+      myMaxRadius = theOther.myMaxRadius;
+      mySize      = theOther.mySize;
     }
     return *this;
   }
diff --git a/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BSplineCurve.cxx b/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BSplineCurve.cxx
index c0287b5c3e..8d2acb8c0d 100644
--- a/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BSplineCurve.cxx
+++ b/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BSplineCurve.cxx
@@ -152,15 +152,15 @@ Geom2d_BSplineCurve::Geom2d_BSplineCurve(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt2d>& Pol
   // copy arrays
 
   myPoles.Resize(1, Poles.Length(), false);
-  myPoles.Assign(Poles);
+  myPoles.CopyValues(Poles);
 
   myWeights = BSplCLib::UnitWeights(Poles.Length());
 
   myKnots.Resize(1, Knots.Length(), false);
-  myKnots.Assign(Knots);
+  myKnots.CopyValues(Knots);
 
   myMults.Resize(1, Mults.Length(), false);
-  myMults.Assign(Mults);
+  myMults.CopyValues(Mults);
 
   updateKnots();
 }
@@ -204,11 +204,11 @@ Geom2d_BSplineCurve::Geom2d_BSplineCurve(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt2d>& Pol
   // copy arrays
 
   myPoles.Resize(1, Poles.Length(), false);
-  myPoles.Assign(Poles);
+  myPoles.CopyValues(Poles);
   if (myRational)
   {
     myWeights.Resize(1, Weights.Length(), false);
-    myWeights.Assign(Weights);
+    myWeights.CopyValues(Weights);
   }
   else
   {
@@ -216,10 +216,10 @@ Geom2d_BSplineCurve::Geom2d_BSplineCurve(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt2d>& Pol
   }
 
   myKnots.Resize(1, Knots.Length(), false);
-  myKnots.Assign(Knots);
+  myKnots.CopyValues(Knots);
 
   myMults.Resize(1, Mults.Length(), false);
-  myMults.Assign(Mults);
+  myMults.CopyValues(Mults);
 
   updateKnots();
 }
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ void Geom2d_BSplineCurve::SetKnot(const int Index, const double K)
 void Geom2d_BSplineCurve::SetKnots(const NCollection_Array1<double>& K)
 {
   CheckCurveData(myPoles, K, myMults, myDeg, myPeriodic);
-  myKnots         = K;
+  myKnots.CopyValues(K);
   myMaxDerivInvOk = false;
   updateKnots();
 }
diff --git a/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BezierCurve.cxx b/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BezierCurve.cxx
index 6bef13fcb9..4ea3894072 100644
--- a/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BezierCurve.cxx
+++ b/src/ModelingData/TKG2d/Geom2d/Geom2d_BezierCurve.cxx
@@ -710,12 +710,12 @@ void Geom2d_BezierCurve::init(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt2d>& thePoles,
 
   // set fields
   myPoles.Resize(1, nbpoles, false);
-  myPoles = thePoles;
+  myPoles.CopyValues(thePoles);
 
   if (theWeights != nullptr)
   {
     myWeights.Resize(1, nbpoles, false);
-    myWeights  = *theWeights;
+    myWeights.CopyValues(*theWeights);
     myRational = Rational(myWeights);
     if (!myRational)
     {
diff --git a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineCurve.cxx b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineCurve.cxx
index a1fb0c8810..6bda409e6c 100644
--- a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineCurve.cxx
+++ b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineCurve.cxx
@@ -155,15 +155,15 @@ Geom_BSplineCurve::Geom_BSplineCurve(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt>& Poles,
   // copy arrays
 
   myPoles.Resize(1, Poles.Length(), false);
-  myPoles.Assign(Poles);
+  myPoles.CopyValues(Poles);
 
   myWeights = BSplCLib::UnitWeights(Poles.Length());
 
   myKnots.Resize(1, Knots.Length(), false);
-  myKnots.Assign(Knots);
+  myKnots.CopyValues(Knots);
 
   myMults.Resize(1, Mults.Length(), false);
-  myMults.Assign(Mults);
+  myMults.CopyValues(Mults);
 
   updateKnots();
 }
@@ -211,11 +211,11 @@ Geom_BSplineCurve::Geom_BSplineCurve(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt>& Poles,
   // copy arrays
 
   myPoles.Resize(1, Poles.Length(), false);
-  myPoles.Assign(Poles);
+  myPoles.CopyValues(Poles);
   if (myRational)
   {
     myWeights.Resize(1, Weights.Length(), false);
-    myWeights.Assign(Weights);
+    myWeights.CopyValues(Weights);
   }
   else
   {
@@ -223,10 +223,10 @@ Geom_BSplineCurve::Geom_BSplineCurve(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt>& Poles,
   }
 
   myKnots.Resize(1, Knots.Length(), false);
-  myKnots.Assign(Knots);
+  myKnots.CopyValues(Knots);
 
   myMults.Resize(1, Mults.Length(), false);
-  myMults.Assign(Mults);
+  myMults.CopyValues(Mults);
 
   updateKnots();
 }
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ void Geom_BSplineCurve::SetKnots(const NCollection_Array1<double>& K)
 {
   CheckCurveData(myPoles, K, myMults, myDeg, myPeriodic);
   ClearEvalRepresentation();
-  myKnots         = K;
+  myKnots.CopyValues(K);
   myMaxDerivInvOk = false;
   updateKnots();
 }
diff --git a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineSurface.cxx b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineSurface.cxx
index 3566d5182f..e903865868 100644
--- a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineSurface.cxx
+++ b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BSplineSurface.cxx
@@ -205,21 +205,21 @@ Geom_BSplineSurface::Geom_BSplineSurface(const NCollection_Array2<gp_Pnt>& Poles
   // copy arrays
 
   myPoles.Resize(1, Poles.ColLength(), 1, Poles.RowLength(), false);
-  myPoles.Assign(Poles);
+  myPoles.CopyValues(Poles);
 
   myWeights = BSplSLib::UnitWeights(Poles.ColLength(), Poles.RowLength());
 
   myUKnots.Resize(1, UKnots.Length(), false);
-  myUKnots.Assign(UKnots);
+  myUKnots.CopyValues(UKnots);
 
   myUMults.Resize(1, UMults.Length(), false);
-  myUMults.Assign(UMults);
+  myUMults.CopyValues(UMults);
 
   myVKnots.Resize(1, VKnots.Length(), false);
-  myVKnots.Assign(VKnots);
+  myVKnots.CopyValues(VKnots);
 
   myVMults.Resize(1, VMults.Length(), false);
-  myVMults.Assign(VMults);
+  myVMults.CopyValues(VMults);
 
   updateUKnots();
   updateVKnots();
@@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ Geom_BSplineSurface::Geom_BSplineSurface(const NCollection_Array2<gp_Pnt>& Poles
   // copy arrays
 
   myPoles.Resize(1, Poles.ColLength(), 1, Poles.RowLength(), false);
-  myPoles.Assign(Poles);
+  myPoles.CopyValues(Poles);
 
   if (myURational || myVRational)
   {
     myWeights.Resize(1, Poles.ColLength(), 1, Poles.RowLength(), false);
-    myWeights.Assign(Weights);
+    myWeights.CopyValues(Weights);
   }
   else
   {
@@ -297,16 +297,16 @@ Geom_BSplineSurface::Geom_BSplineSurface(const NCollection_Array2<gp_Pnt>& Poles
   }
 
   myUKnots.Resize(1, UKnots.Length(), false);
-  myUKnots.Assign(UKnots);
+  myUKnots.CopyValues(UKnots);
 
   myUMults.Resize(1, UMults.Length(), false);
-  myUMults.Assign(UMults);
+  myUMults.CopyValues(UMults);
 
   myVKnots.Resize(1, VKnots.Length(), false);
-  myVKnots.Assign(VKnots);
+  myVKnots.CopyValues(VKnots);
 
   myVMults.Resize(1, VMults.Length(), false);
-  myVMults.Assign(VMults);
+  myVMults.CopyValues(VMults);
 
   updateUKnots();
   updateVKnots();
diff --git a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierCurve.cxx b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierCurve.cxx
index 994036558f..c6e4bd3aba 100644
--- a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierCurve.cxx
+++ b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierCurve.cxx
@@ -776,12 +776,12 @@ void Geom_BezierCurve::init(const NCollection_Array1<gp_Pnt>& thePoles,
 
   // set fields
   myPoles.Resize(1, nbpoles, false);
-  myPoles = thePoles;
+  myPoles.CopyValues(thePoles);
 
   if (theWeights != nullptr)
   {
     myWeights.Resize(1, nbpoles, false);
-    myWeights  = *theWeights;
+    myWeights.CopyValues(*theWeights);
     myRational = Rational(myWeights);
     if (!myRational)
     {
diff --git a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierSurface.cxx b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierSurface.cxx
index 48749fb04e..6f0145536f 100644
--- a/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierSurface.cxx
+++ b/src/ModelingData/TKG3d/Geom/Geom_BezierSurface.cxx
@@ -2052,12 +2052,12 @@ void Geom_BezierSurface::init(const NCollection_Array2<gp_Pnt>& thePoles,
   int NbVPoles = thePoles.RowLength();
 
   myPoles.Resize(1, NbUPoles, 1, NbVPoles, false);
-  myPoles = thePoles;
+  myPoles.CopyValues(thePoles);
 
   if (theWeights != nullptr)
   {
     myWeights.Resize(1, NbUPoles, 1, NbVPoles, false);
-    myWeights = *theWeights;
+    myWeights.CopyValues(*theWeights);
     Rational(myWeights, myURational, myVRational);
     if (!(myURational || myVRational))
     {