"""Decoders for GPG v2 data structures."""
import hashlib
import io
import logging
import struct
import subprocess

import ecdsa
import ed25519

from .. import util

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def parse_subpackets(s):
    """See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.2.3.1 for details."""
    subpackets = []
    total_size = s.readfmt('>H')
    data = s.read(total_size)
    s = util.Reader(io.BytesIO(data))

    while True:
        try:
            subpacket_len = s.readfmt('B')
        except EOFError:
            break

        subpackets.append(s.read(subpacket_len))

    return subpackets


def parse_mpi(s):
    """See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-3.2 for details."""
    bits = s.readfmt('>H')
    blob = bytearray(s.read(int((bits + 7) // 8)))
    return sum(v << (8 * i) for i, v in enumerate(reversed(blob)))


def _parse_nist256p1_verifier(mpi):
    prefix, x, y = util.split_bits(mpi, 4, 256, 256)
    assert prefix == 4
    point = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.Point(curve=ecdsa.NIST256p.curve,
                                      x=x, y=y)
    vk = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_public_point(
        point=point, curve=ecdsa.curves.NIST256p,
        hashfunc=hashlib.sha256)

    def _nist256p1_verify(signature, digest):
        result = vk.verify_digest(signature=signature,
                                  digest=digest,
                                  sigdecode=lambda rs, order: rs)
        log.debug('nist256p1 ECDSA signature is OK (%s)', result)
    return _nist256p1_verify, vk


def _parse_ed25519_verifier(mpi):
    prefix, value = util.split_bits(mpi, 8, 256)
    assert prefix == 0x40
    vk = ed25519.VerifyingKey(util.num2bytes(value, size=32))

    def _ed25519_verify(signature, digest):
        sig = b''.join(util.num2bytes(val, size=32)
                       for val in signature)
        result = vk.verify(sig, digest)
        log.debug('ed25519 ECDSA signature is OK (%s)', result)
    return _ed25519_verify, vk


def _create_rsa_verifier(n, e):
    def verifier(signature, digest):
        s, = signature
        size = n.bit_length()
        result = pow(s, e, n) % (2 ** 256)
        digest = util.bytes2num(digest)
        if result == digest:
            log.debug('RSA-%d signature is OK', size)
            return True
        else:
            raise ValueError('invalid RSA signature')

    return verifier

SUPPORTED_CURVES = {
    b'\x2A\x86\x48\xCE\x3D\x03\x01\x07': _parse_nist256p1_verifier,
    b'\x2B\x06\x01\x04\x01\xDA\x47\x0F\x01': _parse_ed25519_verifier,
}

ECDSA_ALGO_IDS = (19, 22)  # (nist256, ed25519)


def _parse_literal(stream):
    """See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.9 for details."""
    p = {'type': 'literal'}
    p['format'] = stream.readfmt('c')
    filename_len = stream.readfmt('B')
    p['filename'] = stream.read(filename_len)
    p['date'] = stream.readfmt('>L')
    p['content'] = stream.read()
    p['_to_hash'] = p['content']
    return p


def _parse_embedded_signatures(subpackets):
    for packet in subpackets:
        data = bytearray(packet)
        if data[0] == 32:
            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.2.3.26
            stream = io.BytesIO(data[1:])
            yield _parse_signature(util.Reader(stream))


def _parse_signature(stream):
    """See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.2 for details."""
    p = {'type': 'signature'}

    to_hash = io.BytesIO()
    with stream.capture(to_hash):
        p['version'] = stream.readfmt('B')
        p['sig_type'] = stream.readfmt('B')
        p['pubkey_alg'] = stream.readfmt('B')
        p['hash_alg'] = stream.readfmt('B')
        p['hashed_subpackets'] = parse_subpackets(stream)

    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.2.4
    tail_to_hash = b'\x04\xff' + struct.pack('>L', to_hash.tell())

    p['_to_hash'] = to_hash.getvalue() + tail_to_hash

    p['unhashed_subpackets'] = parse_subpackets(stream)
    embedded = list(_parse_embedded_signatures(p['unhashed_subpackets']))
    if embedded:
        log.info('embedded sigs: %s', embedded)
        p['embedded'] = embedded

    p['hash_prefix'] = stream.readfmt('2s')
    if p['pubkey_alg'] in ECDSA_ALGO_IDS:
        p['sig'] = (parse_mpi(stream), parse_mpi(stream))
    else:  # RSA
        p['sig'] = (parse_mpi(stream),)

    assert not stream.read()
    return p


def _parse_pubkey(stream):
    """See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.5 for details."""
    p = {'type': 'pubkey'}
    packet = io.BytesIO()
    with stream.capture(packet):
        p['version'] = stream.readfmt('B')
        p['created'] = stream.readfmt('>L')
        p['algo'] = stream.readfmt('B')
        if p['algo'] in ECDSA_ALGO_IDS:
            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6637#section-11
            oid_size = stream.readfmt('B')
            oid = stream.read(oid_size)
            assert oid in SUPPORTED_CURVES, util.hexlify(oid)
            parser = SUPPORTED_CURVES[oid]

            mpi = parse_mpi(stream)
            log.debug('mpi: %x (%d bits)', mpi, mpi.bit_length())
            p['verifier'], p['verifying_key'] = parser(mpi)
        else:  # RSA
            n = parse_mpi(stream)
            e = parse_mpi(stream)
            log.debug('n: %x (%d bits)', n, n.bit_length())
            log.debug('e: %x (%d bits)', e, e.bit_length())
            p['verifier'] = _create_rsa_verifier(n, e)

        assert not stream.read()

    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-12.2
    packet_data = packet.getvalue()
    data_to_hash = (b'\x99' + struct.pack('>H', len(packet_data)) +
                    packet_data)
    p['key_id'] = hashlib.sha1(data_to_hash).digest()[-8:]
    p['_to_hash'] = data_to_hash
    log.debug('key ID: %s', util.hexlify(p['key_id']))
    return p


def _parse_subkey(stream):
    """See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.5 for details."""
    p = {'type': 'subkey'}
    packet = io.BytesIO()
    with stream.capture(packet):
        p['version'] = stream.readfmt('B')
        p['created'] = stream.readfmt('>L')
        p['algo'] = stream.readfmt('B')

        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6637#section-11
        oid_size = stream.readfmt('B')
        oid = stream.read(oid_size)
        assert oid in SUPPORTED_CURVES
        parser = SUPPORTED_CURVES[oid]

        mpi = parse_mpi(stream)
        log.debug('mpi: %x (%d bits)', mpi, mpi.bit_length())
        p['verifier'], p['verifying_key'] = parser(mpi)
        leftover = stream.read()  # TBD: what is this?
        if leftover:
            log.warning('unexpected subkey leftover: %r', leftover)

    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-12.2
    packet_data = packet.getvalue()
    data_to_hash = (b'\x99' + struct.pack('>H', len(packet_data)) +
                    packet_data)
    p['key_id'] = hashlib.sha1(data_to_hash).digest()[-8:]
    p['_to_hash'] = data_to_hash
    log.debug('key ID: %s', util.hexlify(p['key_id']))
    return p


def _parse_user_id(stream):
    """See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-5.11 for details."""
    value = stream.read()
    to_hash = b'\xb4' + util.prefix_len('>L', value)
    return {'type': 'user_id', 'value': value, '_to_hash': to_hash}


PACKET_TYPES = {
    2: _parse_signature,
    6: _parse_pubkey,
    11: _parse_literal,
    13: _parse_user_id,
    14: _parse_subkey,
}


def parse_packets(stream):
    """
    Support iterative parsing of available GPG packets.

    See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880#section-4.2 for details.
    """
    while True:
        try:
            value = stream.readfmt('B')
        except EOFError:
            return

        log.debug('prefix byte: %s', bin(value))
        assert util.bit(value, 7) == 1
        assert util.bit(value, 6) == 0  # new format not supported yet

        tag = util.low_bits(value, 6)
        length_type = util.low_bits(tag, 2)
        tag = tag >> 2
        fmt = {0: '>B', 1: '>H', 2: '>L'}[length_type]
        packet_size = stream.readfmt(fmt)

        log.debug('packet length: %d', packet_size)
        packet_data = stream.read(packet_size)
        packet_type = PACKET_TYPES.get(tag)

        if packet_type:
            p = packet_type(util.Reader(io.BytesIO(packet_data)))
        else:
            raise ValueError('Unknown packet type: {}'.format(tag))

        p['tag'] = tag
        log.debug('packet "%s": %s', p['type'], p)
        yield p


def digest_packets(packets):
    """Compute digest on specified packets, according to '_to_hash' field."""
    data_to_hash = io.BytesIO()
    for p in packets:
        data_to_hash.write(p['_to_hash'])
    return hashlib.sha256(data_to_hash.getvalue()).digest()


def load_public_key(stream):
    """Parse and validate GPG public key from an input stream."""
    packets = list(parse_packets(util.Reader(stream)))
    subkey = subsig = None
    if len(packets) == 5:
        pubkey, userid, signature, subkey, subsig = packets
        log.debug('subkey: %s', subkey)
        log.debug('subsig: %s', subsig)
    else:
        pubkey, userid, signature = packets

    digest = digest_packets([pubkey, userid, signature])
    assert signature['hash_prefix'] == digest[:2]
    log.debug('loaded public key "%s"', userid['value'])
    verify_digest(pubkey=pubkey, digest=digest,
                  signature=signature['sig'], label='GPG public key')
    return subkey or pubkey


def load_signature(stream, original_data):
    """Load signature from stream, and compute GPG digest for verification."""
    signature, = list(parse_packets(util.Reader(stream)))
    digest = digest_packets([{'_to_hash': original_data}, signature])
    assert signature['hash_prefix'] == digest[:2]
    return signature, digest


def load_from_gpg(user_id):
    """Load existing GPG public key for `user_id` from local keyring."""
    pubkey_bytes = subprocess.check_output(['gpg2', '--export', user_id])
    if pubkey_bytes:
        return load_public_key(io.BytesIO(pubkey_bytes))
    else:
        log.error('could not find public key %r in local GPG keyring', user_id)
        raise KeyError(user_id)


def verify_digest(pubkey, digest, signature, label):
    """Verify a digest signature from a specified public key."""
    verifier = pubkey['verifier']
    try:
        verifier(signature, digest)
        log.debug('%s is OK', label)
    except ecdsa.keys.BadSignatureError:
        log.error('Bad %s!', label)
        raise